SEC Assignment
Name: Chavda khushi
TYBA Sem 5
SEC ASSIGNMENT
•CLASS ASSIGNMENT•
• Critical thinking is a rich concept that has been developing throughout the past 2500 years.
• The term “critical thinking” has its roots in the mid late 20th century. We offer here overlapping definitions, together which form a substantive, trans disciplinary conception of critical thinking.
• Critical thinking is defined as an ability to analyse information and experience in an objective manner.
• According to Jones, (1996), Critical thinking is generally agreed to include evaluation of the worth, accuracy or authenticity of various propositions, leading to a supportable decision or direction for action.
• Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness.
• Critical thinking, also called critical analysis, is clear, rational thinking involving critique. Its details vary amongst those who define it. According to Barry K. Beyer (1995) critical thinking means making clear, reasoned judgments. During the process of critical thinking, ideas should be reasoned and well thought out/judged.
• The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking defines critical thinking as the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action.
• It entails the examination of those structures or elements of thought implicit in all reasoning: purpose, problem, or question issue; assumptions; concepts; Empirical grounding; Reasoning leading to conclusions; Implications and consequences; Objections from alternative viewpoints; And frame of reference. Critical thinking — in being responsive to variable subject matter, issues, and purposes — is incorporated in a family of interwoven modes of thinking, among them: scientific thinking, mathematical thinking, historical thinking, anthropological thinking, economic thinking, moral thinking, and philosophical thinking.
• HOME ASSIGNMENT •
Qualities of a Well-cultivated Critical Thinker
The following are qualities of well cultivated thinker.
Raises vital questions and problem, formulating them clearly and precisely; Gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively; comes to well reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards.
Thinks open mindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; And communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems.
Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and socio centrism.
No one is a critical thinker through and through, but only to such and such a degree, with such and such insights and blind spots, subject to such and such tendencies towards self delusion. For this reason, the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions is a lifelong endeavour.
• ESSAY •
Characteristics of Critical Thinking
Critical thinking involves the use of a kind of thinking called reasoning, in which we construct and/or evaluate reasons to support beliefs. The characteristics are:
Critical thinking also involves reflection – the examination and evaluation of our own and others’ thoughts and ideas. Finally critical thinking is practical. Actions are more rational if they are based on beliefs that we take to be justified. Critical thinking then, is the careful deliberation od whether we should accept, reject or suspend judgement about the truth of a claim or a recommendation to act in a certain way.
Critical thinking involves the use of a group of interconnected skills to analyze, creatively integrate, and evaluate what you read and hear.
Critical thinking involves certain dispositions. A disposition is a tendency to act or think in a certain way.
To learn how to think critically, one must learn skills that build upon each other. Only by concentrating on and practicing these basic skills can mastery of critical thinking be achieved.
Critical Thinkers are:
Curious about the world.
Creative questioners.
Frequently asking “why?” and seeking reasons to defend a position.
Interested only in credible sources of information.
Able to take into account the total situation or context when interpreting something.
Relevant thinkers who stick to the main point.
Always looking for alternative explanations, positions, or arguments.
Open minded and who seriously consider points of view other than their own.
Willing to change a position when the evidence is sufficient to make them do so.
Able to withhold judgement when the evidence is insufficient.
Eager to seek precision.
Able to realize the limits of knowing; hence they look for probability rather than proof.
Able to realize the role of personal bias in the process of knowing something.